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HMS Hood (1891)
HMS ''Hood'' was a modified pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Royal Navy in the early 1890s and the last of the eight built. She differed from the other ships of the class in that she had cylindrical gun turrets instead of barbettes and a lower freeboard. She served most of her active career in the Mediterranean Sea, where her low freeboard was less of a disadvantage. The ship was placed in reserve in 1907 and later became the receiving ship at Queenstown, Ireland. ''Hood'' was used in the development of anti-torpedo bulges in 1913 and was scuttled in late 1914 to act as a blockship across the southern entrance of Portland Harbour after the start of World War I.
==Design==
''Hood'', the last of the eight ''Royal Sovereign''-class battleships to be built, differed significantly from the other ships of her class in that she had a forward freeboard of only compared to of the other ships.〔Burt, pp. 62, 87〕 The ''Royal Sovereign''s had reverted to a higher freeboard after several classes of low-freeboard vessel had been constructed, the last being the . Low freeboard had been popular for around ten years since it required less armour and made a smaller target for gunfire to hit, although it had the disadvantage that it reduced seaworthiness. This low freeboard meant that ''Hood'' was very wet in rough weather and her maximum speed reduced rapidly as the wave height increased, making her only suitable for service in the relatively calm Mediterranean. This was seen as a vindication of the barbette/high-freeboard design in the rest of her class, and all subsequent British battleship classes had high freeboard.〔Parkes, pp. 354–55; Burt, p. 85〕
The lower freeboard was required by her use of armoured gun turrets—a heavy type of rotating gun mounting of the mid-and-late 19th century very different from what would later be known as "turrets". ''Hood''s half-sisters mounted their guns exposed on top of barbettes, a much lighter arrangement that allowed their freeboard to be substantially increased. The heavy, old-fashioned type of turrets added to the amount of weight high up in the ship compared to barbettes and decreased the ship's stability.〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 33; Burt, p. 85〕
Because the stability of a ship is largely due to freeboard at high rolling angles, she was given a larger metacentric height (the vertical distance between the metacenter and the centre of gravity below it) of around instead of the of the rest of the ''Royal Sovereign''s to make her roll less in rough seas. This had the effect of making her roll period shorter by around 7% compared to her sisters, which in turn made her gunnery less accurate.〔Brown, p. 124〕 Bilge keels were fitted in 1894 which improved her maneouverability.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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